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Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Hang Yin, Rui Rong, Guoqing Cao, Qihong Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1327-9

摘要： Abstract • The effectiveness of four different ventilation systems was compared in depth. • Airflow and bacteria-carrying particles concentration were quantitatively analyzed. • Vertical laminar airflow with high airflow rate could not achieve desired effect. • Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation could guarantee air cleanliness. Biological particles in the operating room (OR) air environment can cause surgical site infections (SSIs). Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment. However, the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear. In this study, the performance of four different ventilation systems (vertical laminar airflow ventilation (VLAF), horizontal laminar airflow ventilation (HLAF), differential vertical airflow ventilation (DVAF), and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation (TAF)) used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration. The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-e turbulence model, and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and the discrete random walk (DRW) model. It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area. This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution, which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.

关键词： Operating room (OR)     Bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs)     Surgical site infections (SSIs)     Ventilation    

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Drinking water biotic safety of particles and bacteria attached to fines in activated carbon process

CHEN Wei, LIN Tao, WANG Leilei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 280-285 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0047-8

摘要： In this paper, the drinking water biotic safety of particles and bacteria attached to fines in activated carbon process was investigated by actual treatment process and advanced treatment pilot trial with granular activated carbon. In the experiment, the particles were detected by IBR particle calculating instrument, the activated carbon fines were counted on the basis of the most probable number (MPN) with a microscope, the total number of bacteria was analyzed between the conventional agar culture medium and the one with R2A, and the bacteria attached to activated carbon fines was resolved by the homogenization technique. The experimental results showed that the average total number of particles was 205 CNT/mL in the activated carbon effluent during a filter cycle, of which the number of particles with sizes >2 μm was 77 CNT/mL more than the present particle control criterion of the American drinking water product standard (50 CNT/mL). The backwash of low density and long duration lowered particle number in the effluent. The MPN of activated carbon fines in the effluent was between 400 and 600 CNT/L, which accounted for less than 5 0 of the total particles from activated carbon filtration for a poor relative level ( = 0.34). The microorganisms in activated carbon effluent consisted mostly of heterotrophic bacillus and the total bacteria number was five times as high as that of the inflow, i.e. the effluent from sand filter. The actual bacteria number may be truly indicated by the detection technique with R2A culture medium compared with the traditional agar cultivation. The inactivation efficiency of bacteria attached to activated carbon fines was less than 40% under 1.1 mg/L of chlorine contacting for 40 min. Results showed that the particles and bacteria attached to activated carbon fines may influence drinking water biotic safety, and that the effective control measures need to be further investigated.

关键词： particle number     process     cultivation     activated     relative    

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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1361-7

摘要：

• Bacteria could easily and quickly attached onto TEP to form protobiofilms.

关键词： Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)     TEP-protobiofilm     Bacteria attachment     Biofouling of membrane    

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Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 114-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0669-6

摘要： A revised concept for urban water metabolism (UWM) is presented in this study to address the inadequacies in current research on UWM and the problems associated with the traditional urban water metabolic process. Feedback loops can be analyzed to increase the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) of the new urban water metabolism system (UWMS) over that of a traditional UWMS. An analysis of the feedback loops of an UWMS was used to construct a system dynamics (SD) model for the system under a WECC restriction. Water metabolic processes were simulated for different scenarios using the Tongzhou District in Beijing as an example. The results for the newly developed UWM case showed that a water environment of Tongzhou District could support a population of 1.1926 × 10 , an irrigation area of 375.521 km , a livestock of 0.7732 × 10 , and an industrial value added of ¥193.14 × 10 (i.e. about US$28.285× 10 ) in 2020. A sensitivity analysis showed that the WECC could be improved to some extent by constructing new sewage treatment facilities or by expanding the current sewage treatment facilities, using reclaimed water and improving the water circulation system.

关键词： urban water metabolism system (UWMS)     system dynamic simulation     water environmental carrying capacity (WECC)     feedback loops     bilateral control    

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The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1356-4

摘要：

•Bacterial concentrations from eight stages were 104–105copies/m3.

关键词： Size distribution     Airborne bacteria     Biological diversity     Human pathogenic bacteria     Composting plants    

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Electroactivity of the magnetotactic bacteria AMB-1 and MSR-1

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1808-3

摘要：

● The first study of electrochemically active magnetotactic bacteria.

关键词： Magnetotactic bacteria     Magnetospirillum magneticum     Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense     Extracellular electron transfer     Microbial fuel cells    

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Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 506-510 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0275-5

摘要： The collision frequency function for aerosol particles has already been calculated for the free molecule regime and for the continuum range. The present work, taking into account the influence of internal force fields such as magnetic force, electric force and molecular forces, created by particles themselves, recalculated the collision frequency in the case of particles much smaller than the mean free path of the gas (free molecule regime). Attractive forces increase naturally the collision frequency, while repulsive forces decrease it. The calculation was performed for all types of central forces deriving from a potential, including Coulomb forces and Van der Waals forces.

关键词： aerosol particles     collision frequency function     coagulation    

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Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes: a brief overview

Zhen-liang XU, Li-yun YU, Ling-feng HAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 318-329 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0199-0

摘要： Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes present an interesting approach for improving the physical and chemical, as well as separation properties of polymer membranes, because they possess characteristics of both organic and inorganic membranes such as good permeability, selectivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability and so on. The preparations and structures of polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes and their unique properties are reviewed.

关键词： polymer     nanoinorganic particles     composite membranes    

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China Keeps Carrying Forward the Key Special Project of “Air Pollution Causes and Control”

Huan Liu,Kebin He

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0881-7

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Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity

Yilei Lu, Yunqing Huang, Siyu Zeng, Can Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1200-x

摘要： Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.

关键词： Urban development plan     Urban water system     Carrying capacity     Scenario analysis     Multi-objective optimization    

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Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 246-251 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0077-y

摘要： The dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles at the very beginning of their fall into coolant pools are presented. The falling course of a single droplet or a single hot particle was recorded by a high-speed camera and a curve of velocity . time was obtained. Emphasis was placed on the effects of the droplet’s size and temperature, the coolant’s temperature and properties, and the droplet’s physical properties on the moving behavior. The results for the all cases showed that the velocity of a falling droplet/particle decreased rapidly but rebounded shortly, at the beginning of droplet/particle falling in the coolant. Following such a V-shaped evolution in velocity, the droplet/particle slows down gradually to a comparatively steady velocity. An increase in either coolant temperature or droplet temperature results in a larger velocity variation in the “J-region”, but a smaller deceleration when it moves out of the “J-region”. The elevated volatility of a coolant leads to a steeper deceleration in the “J-region” and beyond. The bigger size of a particle leads to a greater velocity variation in the “J-region” and terminal velocity. A high melting point and thermal conductivity as well as lower heat capacity contribute to dramatic variation in the “J-region” and low terminal velocity.

关键词： dynamic characteristics     molten droplets     high-temperature particles     fuel and coolant interactions    

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Selective removal of phenol by spherical particles of

Qingchuan CHEN, Yicun WEN, Yu CANG, Li LI, Xuhong GUO, Rui ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 162-169 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1318-5

摘要： Spherical particles of -, - and -cyclodextrin (CD) polymers to efficiently remove phenol from waste water were prepared by reverse suspension polymerization with epichlorohydrin as crosslinker in liquid paraffin. By controlling the amounts of crosslinker and water, well-defined spherical polymer particles with controllable size were obtained. Due to the selective inclusion associations between CD groups and phenol, these CD spherical polymer particles were demonstrated to be ideal candidates for removal of phenol. Among them -CD polymer particles showed the best performance. The kinetics and isothermal equilibrium models were used to fit the experimental data of phenol removal from aqueous solution using these CD polymer particles. It was found that the kinetics followed the Ho and Mckay equation, suggesting that the adsorption process of phenol was controlled by diffusion and the host-guest interaction between CD and phenol. Equilibrium isothermal data can be well fitted by the Freundlich equation. The negative free energy change indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption of phenol by -, - and -CD spherical polymer particles, while the lowest free energy for -CD polymer reflected its best adsorption ability, compared to - and -CD polymer particles.

关键词： cyclodextrin polymer particles     phenol     kinetic models     adsorption isotherm equilibrium models    

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Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

摘要： Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles     Morphology     Element distribution     Mixing state    

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Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1423-0

摘要： Venting is the common safety measure to protect plant equipment against excessive overpressure. So far, scenarios in which particles were part of the system and should have been accounted for did ignore their presence; the scenarios were treated like a two-phase system. Current research shows that particles can have a major influence on the venting behaviour. Experimental results indicate that particles affect level swell and relief flow especially of foamy systems. Based on those results four different layers of influence of the particle have been identified and are presented in a first model. Based on this model recommendations for the development of new and more complex models are given.

关键词： venting     multi-phase    

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海水养殖容量评估方法及在养殖管理上的应用

张继红,蔺凡,方建光

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第3期   页码 85-89 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.014

摘要：

随着海水养殖规模的增大，超负荷养殖使得养殖水环境遭到严重破坏，病害加剧，危及养殖产业的可持续发展。亟待加强养殖容量研究，建立科学的适应性管理对策。本文综述了国内外有关海水网箱、贝类、藻类等养殖容量研究进展、存在的问题。指出了容量评估的关键技术，主要包括：生态容量评估的指标体系、养殖生物个体生长数值模型、水动力过程与生态模型的耦合。分析了养殖容量研究在指导养殖密度调整、优化养殖布局、拓展养殖空间以及构建新型养殖模式中的作用。对于未来开展养殖容量研究提出了三点建议：建立养殖水域的容量评估制度、设立近海养殖结构与养殖容量评估的长期监测实验站、设立养殖容量研究和布局与结构调整专项，以建立生态系统水平的养殖管理策略。

关键词： 海水养殖     容量     管理     模型    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Hang Yin, Rui Rong, Guoqing Cao, Qihong Deng

期刊论文

Drinking water biotic safety of particles and bacteria attached to fines in activated carbon process

CHEN Wei, LIN Tao, WANG Leilei

期刊论文

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

期刊论文

Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

期刊论文

The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

期刊论文

Electroactivity of the magnetotactic bacteria AMB-1 and MSR-1

期刊论文

Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

期刊论文

Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes: a brief overview

Zhen-liang XU, Li-yun YU, Ling-feng HAN

期刊论文

China Keeps Carrying Forward the Key Special Project of “Air Pollution Causes and Control”

Huan Liu,Kebin He

期刊论文

Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacity

Yilei Lu, Yunqing Huang, Siyu Zeng, Can Wang

期刊论文

Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

期刊论文

Selective removal of phenol by spherical particles of

Qingchuan CHEN, Yicun WEN, Yu CANG, Li LI, Xuhong GUO, Rui ZHANG

期刊论文

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

期刊论文

Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

期刊论文

海水养殖容量评估方法及在养殖管理上的应用

张继红,蔺凡,方建光

期刊论文